Justice for Stateless

The essay is all about stateless people and stateless people are those who virtually have no nation. Actually the statement is referring to the Muslim minority in the Myanmar as there is a ongoing judgment in the international court of justice. In the present time, Rohingya people are the stateless people who are now living in Bangladesh. They are forced to come Bangladesh to take shelter. Now, we will discuss the justice for the Rohingya people. 

Hearings that held at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is seeking guarantees of basic protection for Myanmar's Rohingya Muslims arguably offer only symbolic hope to this long- suffering community. Yet, the lengthy legal process at the Hague Court on the plight of thousands forcibly exiled in refugee camps in Bangladesh is key to forcing accountability on Yangon. The case brought by Gambia, a tiny west African state, on behalf of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, pertains to alleged genocide in 2017 committed by the Myanmar's military. The forces have insisted that their actions were merely in response to the armed insurgency, notably by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army. The UN and several rights groups have documented orchestrated incidents of torched villages, mass rape and other atrocities by the military, forcing over 700,000 Rohingya to fice to Bangladesh. Rendering the lot of the Rohingya in Myanmar's Rakhine state particularly vulnerable is the denial of citizenship and the reference by nationalist sections to them as illegal Bengali immigrants. Oddly enough, arguing the defense of the junta's actions at the ICJ was Nobel Peace Laureate and Myanmar's leader Aung San Suu Kyi, whose National League for Democracy swept to power in 2015. She asserted that the Army had acted proportionately in countering the rebels and accused Gambia of misrepresenting the situation, while critics point out that she downplayed the extent of the violence and official failure to intervene. Observers highlight the absence of an explicit reference to the Rohingya in her testimony, much like her equivocation after the 2017 carnage and claims of fake news. She has even been accused of choosing to argue the defense in person with an eye on the 2020 general election. 

Lawyers representing Myanmar insisted that while violent crimes were committed during the conflict, mantives of genocide against the community could not be imputed against the authorities. The ICJ, which adjudicates disputes between countries, has handed down guilty verdicts in a few cases relating to crimes of genocide. But crucially, it has stopped short of pinning the blame directly upan sures as in the 2007 nding on the Bosnian war of the preceding decade, relying on a diffitentiation between ethnic cleansing and genocide. A decision regarding genocide relating to the atmodities against the Rohingya is not expected any time soon. The more urgent concern before the erum in Gantia's petition seeking an injunction that the violence against the community cease forthwith and the government guarantee immediate protection. Aung Suu Kyi must heed that call without reservations. 

At the end of the writing, it can be said that the justice for the Muslim minority living in Bangladesh as refugees is a time befitted question. All nations should stand up for the justice of Rohingya people.

Recently, a 20 year dream came true: we visited toily. While it was an amazing lesson in history. I was also taken by surprise at the Bangladeshis in Italy. They were incredibly kind and polite to us The person in Florence sold things to us at large discounts. He said. "Pay me what you want - I am so happy to see a Bangladeshi tourist here', One street vendor in Rome, after selling a sunglass at 18 Euro to a European person, turned around and sold me a similar sunglass it 4.5 Euro. 1 wanted to pay him more, but incredible as it seems, he would not take it. I think this barely covered his cost. T was many Bangladeshis in Rome, Florence and Venice, they all had small to medium-size business.

= সম্প্রতি ইতালি সফর করে আমাদের ২০ বছরের স্বপ্ন পূরণ হলো। এটা একটি মজার শিক্ষা ছিল যে, আমি ইতালিতে বাংলাদেশিদের ব্যবহারে অপ্রস্তুত ছিলাম। তারা আমাদের প্রতি ভীষণভাবে দয়ালু ও নম্র ছিল। ফ্লোরেন্সের এক ব্যবসায়ী বিশাল ছাড়ে আমাদের নিকট পণ্য বিক্রনা করেছিল। সে আমাদের বলেছিলেন, 'আপনারা যা চান তা-ই পরিশোধ করুন- এখানে আমি বাংলাদেশি দেখে খুবই আনন্দিত'। রোমের রাস্তার এক দোকানদার একজন ইউরোপীয়ান লোকের নিকট ১৮ ইউরো দিয়ে একটি সানগ্লাস বিক্রয় করে আমার নিকট তা মাত্র ৪.৫ ইউরোতে বিক্রি করেছিল। অবিশ্বাস্য মনে হলেও আমি বেশি দিতে চাইলে সে তা নেয়নি। আমার মনে হয়েছিল, এতে তার নামে মাত্র খরচ উঠেছিল। আমি রোম, ফ্লোরেন্স এবং ভেনিসে অনেক বাংলাদেশি দেখেছিলাম যাদের ছোট থেকে মাঝারি আকারের ব্যবসা রয়েছে।

Ego-centric thinking and socio-centric thinking come in the mind of people as rational and justified. Frequently they misinterpret the meaning of the concepts to achieve their aims, but they usually don't do it.

Socio-centric thinking group can do greater harm to the greater community as their socio centric mind-set use their power in unjust and irresonable way.

Individuals can make egregious action to a very limited field whereas a group of individual's egregious action may harm larger community.

Title: Ego-centric thinking VS Socio-centric thinking.

পৃথিবীর ধনী দেশগুলোতে অসমতার বিস্ফোরণ ঘটেছে তা ঠিক, কিন্তু গত কয়েক দশকে যে গরিব মানুষের জীবনে উল্লেখযোগ্য পরিবর্তন ঘটেছে তা-ও বলা দরকার। ১৯৮০ থেকে ২০১৬ সাল এই সময়ের আয়ের নিরিখে নিচের দিকে থাকা ৫০ শতাংশ মানুষের আয় দ্বিগুণ হয়েছে। ১৯৯০ সালের পর দরিদ্র মানুষের সংখ্যাও অর্ধেক কমেছে। ইতিহাসের আর কোন সময়ে এত মানুষ এত অল্প সময়ে দারিদ্র্য থেকে বেরিয়ে আসেনি। জীবনমানের উন্নতিও হয়েছে ব্যাপক। এমনকি যারা এখনও গরিব, তাদের জীবনেও একথা প্রযোজ্য। ১৯৯০ এর দশকের পর সারা বিশ্বে সন্তান জন্মদানের সময় মৃত্যুহারের অর্ধেক কমেছে। নবজাতকের মৃত্যুর হারও একইভাবে কমেছে এবং এতে দশ কোটি বেশি শিশুর জীবন রক্ষা পেয়েছে। আজ যেসব দেশে বড় ধরনের সামাজিক গোলযোগ নেই, সেইসব দেশের প্রায় সব শিশুই প্রাথমিক শিক্ষা পাচ্ছে।

= Though inequalities in some rich countries in the world have exploded, it is also necessary t say, a major change occurred in the life of poor people in some last decades. 50% of the people whe were below the standard level of income during 1980-2016, have made their income double. The number of poor people had been declined to half after 1990. So many people in such a short time is the history did not come out of the poverty. Radical change has occurred in the life style of people This is true even if those are poor. Number of death has declined to half during child birth Similarly, the rate of death of the newborn baby has also declined and for this ten crore lives are safe. Around all the children are getting primary education in those countries which are free of big social turmoil's.

Bangladesh - a country of potentials whose economy is mostly led by the entrepreneurs of young generation. There are a lot of Bangladeshi young people with high level of energy and enthusiasm. So it is good time for the country to explore its entrepreneurial prospects and capacity. Bangladesh is now a country of huge young population i.e. it has a strong workforce One third of its population is young people who are capable to work right now. They can make any revolutionary change in the economy of the country. But to be an entrepreneur, it is not necessary to be a graduate from business school. Any student from any discipline can be an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship is an art. Only self-motivated people have the passion to make entrepreneurial excellence. A very small initiative can make a huge difference. It is good to see that the young entrepreneurs are coming forward to initiate startups. Even through they know that is a very challenging task. Managing adequate fund is one of the major challenges for young entrepreneurs. In maintain all initial costs, an entrepreneur needs to engage fund for the longer period as there is no chance to flow cash against these costs. In fact there are only a few funding options for the young entrepreneurs to start their ventures. Many of the young aspirini entrepreneurs can not start their ventures because of insufficient fund. Consequently, many good and potential business ideas are not being implemented even though these ideas may base brought credible positive changes in society as well as in the economy of the country.

In the end, it is conceivable that there are few funding options for the Bangladeshi entrepreneurs and this is not adequate to create an entrepreneurial friendly eco-system in the country. Till now, funding is considered as one of the major barriers to entrepreneurship. Easy access to funding can play a significant role to increase youth entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh Bank performs all the functions that a central bank of any country is expected to perform and such functions include maintaining the price stability through economic and monetary policy measures, managing the country's foreign exchange and the gold reserve and regulating the banking sector of the country. Like all other central banks across the globe. Bangladesh Bank is both the Government's banker and the banker's bank, a 'Lender of the last resort'. Bangladesh Bank, like most of the central banks of different countries, exercises monopoly over the issue of currency and banknotes. Bangladesh Bank has been entrusted with all the traditional central banking functions including the sole responsibilities of issuing currency, keeping the reserves, formulating and managing the monetary policy. 

With the provisional constitution of Bangladesh Bank order 1972. Bangladesh Bank exercises all powers of regulate commercial banks. These roles are as follows: 

1) Restrictions on branching and new entry; 

ii) Restrictions on pricing (interest rate controls and other controls on prices or fees); 

iii) Restrictions on the portfolio of assets that banks can hold; 

iv) Compulsory deposit insurance (or informal deposit insurance, in the form of an expectation that government will bail out depositors in the event of insolvency); 

v) Capital-adequacy requirements; 

vi) Reserve requirements (Requirements to hold a certain quantity of the liabilities of the central bank). 

vii) Requirements to direct credit to favored sectors or enterprises. 

viii) Special rules concerning mergers or failing banks. 

Central bank is an apex institution in the banking system. The main objective of the central bank is to control regulate and stabilize the banking and monetary structure of the country.

Bangladesh police is the core law enforcement agency of Bangladesh. If plays the prime and pivotal role in maintaining law and order of the state. Though police is primarily concerned with maintaining law and order assuring security of public life and property. Bangladesh police, the single most institution entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring rule of law and human rights, is at a cross-road to promote itself to a height to adopt. The role of service rather than force, devoted to providing reassurance of service delivery, flexibility to community wishes, cares and social justice.

But common perception that prevails in our society is somewhat different. Though our police force as a whole left a positive impression in the minds of the people, they don't see the police as problem solvers. The citizens go to the police for seeking help when they have nothing else to do. So, the people at the helm also feel that the police will have to become more people friendly. 

The number of helpless and help-seeking people is greater than the number of criminals in the country. So police officials should behave with the people in such a way that all are not criminals. People want the police to be more people-friendly and humane. People want to see the police as their helpers; not someone who scares them. During British period, police force were used as a tool for ruling people, not serving them. 

The practice in the post-colonial eras has not changed. Some rulers of the world use them as a tool for surpassing any protest or uprising against them. So the ruler in power need to stop using the police as a political tool, otherwise they will not be people-friendly. Every police officer shap behave with people with due courtesy and decorum. They should guide and assist people whe are found in helpless condition. They should provide all requisite assistance to victims of crim and of road accidents. They should preserve, promote and prefect human rights and interests of weaker sections, backward classes, poor, weak and the downtrodden. Thus, they will become the force of people.

Amazon rainforest, the world's largest rain forest contributes almost 20 percent of the earth's oxygen, had been burning for over 16 days resulting in a major loss of trees and biodiversity, Though forest fires are common in the Amazon during the dry season. The year 2019 has see an unprecedented rise in the number of fires and their intensity. The worrisome fact is that the burning has increased at a time when there is a huge decrease in the rates of deforestation in Brazilian Amazon. 

According to some environmentalists, 99 percent of the forest fires are a result of human actions, either on purpose or by accident. Formers and ranchers use fire generally to clear the land for further utilization. Amazon rainforest, considered to be as the planet's lungs as contributes about 20% of the earth's oxygen, is vital to slow down global warming. The rainforest is currently home to uncountable species of fauna and flora. 

The Amazon is the largest rainforest in the world, and may be home to a quarter of the earth's land-bound species. If it keeps burning, it is likely to turn into a completely different ecosystem with fewer trees and different species of plants and animals. Many trees will die and animals will lose their habitat some species might disappear from the area entirely. While the Amazon fires are not going to deplete the Earth's supply of oxygen, they will release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 

To protect the Amazon forest from new fires, the governments responsible for protecting it must clamp down on deforestation. But countries around the world need to raise their voice about the devastating fire in the rainforest. According scientists, the Amazon rainforest fire could deliver a huge blow to the global fight against climate change. The fire will not only result in a major loss of trees and biodiversity but also releases excess co, into the atmosphere. The forest fires also release pollutants including particular matter and toxic gases. So due authorities should take extra measures to protect the forest as it is the home to 40% of the world's tropical forest and holds 20% of the world's freshwater supply.

As tension between the United States and Iran fuel fears of war, economist and international relations experts warn that any armed conflict between the countries will deal a blow to Bangladesh's export-import, and overseas job market in the Middle East. Oil prices have already started going up and if it continues, global economy, including that of Bangladesh, will witness a downturn. 

Bangladesh heavily depends on migrant remittance and oil import from the Middle East which has over half of the world's proven oil reserves, white the United States is one of Bangladesh's largest export destinations. So, Bangladesh will suffer if oil prices rise. Thus, if a war breaks out and it spreads across the Middle Eastern regions and prolongs, it will have an adverse impact on our economy. 

In Bangladesh, the price of liquefied petroleum gas has increased by 20% at retail stores after the rise in oil prices in the international market. This happens because any rise in gas and oll prices will affect the prices and supplies of the commodities.